II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Surviving in the Wilderness
Many people enjoy traveling through wild and deserted landscapes, but few expected to end up in a genuine survival situation. The unexpected occasionally(21) ______(happen), however, so you should be prepared. Imagine finding______(22) in the middle of a wilderness with a broken-down jeep and hardly any food and water. What should your priorities be? Should you stay with your vehicle and hope(23) _______(rescue)? Or should you search for civilization and risk getting even more lost? Should you spend time searching for water or food first? Or should you postpone worrying about food and water (24)_______ you have managed to find or build a shelter?If you are not sure, keep reading------this article could save your life! Priority 1 Shelter
Do you put off(25)_______(make) a shelter------it should be your first priority.Try enlarging an existing, natural shelter, such as a hole in the ground below a(an)(26) ________(fall) tree. If you happen to be near a rocky coast, build a shelter and cover it with wood from the beach. If you are on the move, stop to build your shelter while it is still light. Priority 2 Water
If you fail to find water, you will only survive for about three days( whereas you can survive for weeks without food). If there is no rain, try walking through vegetation early in the morning to collect moisture in clothing. Avoid drinking water (27)________ looks or smells bad. Priority 3 Fire
Fire has many uses. It makes food more appetizing. If you can’t face eating raw worms, boil them in water to make a nourishing soup! Fire protects(28)______ dangerous animals, since many will not dare to approach it. And you can also use it for signaling to rescuers------(29)________they give up looking for you. Priority 4 Food
It is quite easy to get food in the wild, if you know where to look. Many survival books suggest eating a small amount of unknown plants to test (30)_______ they are poisonous. However, we do not recommend to do this, since some plants are so poisonous that even a very small amount can cause serious health problems.
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Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appropriate B. bursts C. conductive D. consult E. densely F initial G. publicly H. publications I. references J. require K sense.. Reading as part of writing
One of the techniques of writing successfully in an academic environment is to be able to combine the important points of what you have read with your own writing. To do this, you must have a clear picture of what you have read, and this in itself will ___31___ active and focused reading. With academic reading, it is necessary to focus constantly on what the author is saying. Yet many academic texts are__32__ written in unfamiliar ways, which make them much more difficult to manage than, for example, a novel or a magazine article.
Although sometimes there may be reasons why you need to skim-read an article or book, this is likely to be only to get the general idea of what is being said, as a way of deciding whether it is __33__ reading material or not. In general, skim-reading is not a particularly useful strategy for a student, but you may well be used to doing this in other contexts, for example, skimming through a newspaper article or surfing the web. Instead of skim-reading, you will be developing ways of concentrating on quite dense texts and making __34__ of them.
Even though you may only be reading for short__35__ of time, it is likely that you will have to concentrate far more intensely on academic reading material than, for example, when reading for pleasure. You don’t necessarily have to work in the library, but you will need to decide what type of location and atmosphere suits you best, and establish conditions that are __36__ to effective study.
The __37__ difficulty that most students face is choosing their reading. The first thing to do is to __38__ the reading list you have been given for books and articles that seem relevant to your particular assignment. Doing a library search, by key words or subject, is also useful if the __39__ on your reading list are already on loan from the library. Your tutor should also be able to advise you as to which are the most relevant__40__ or websites.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Even before the dust had settled on the wreckage of our financial institutions, the accusations were flying. Who was really to __41__? Was it the greedy investment bankers who were only too happy to take huge risks with loans and credit as long as they were gaining enormous profits? Was it the lenders, who were __42__ to lend money to people far beyond their creditworthiness? Were the politicians and regulators at fault for allowing debt to build up unchecked? Or were the
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homebuyers responsible for taking out loans they could never expect to __43__? And let’s not forget the __44__, who were happy to take the returns on offer without asking why the interest rates were so high.
Of course, the truth is that all of the above __45__ the collapse and, unless we stop pointing the finger at each other and focus on the serious business of recognizing our __46__ responsibility for our difficulty, we will find ourselves repeating the same mistakes.
Let’s face it, we are not good at learning lessons from past __47__. The Great Depression of the 1930s was, like the current crisis, preceded by a housing boom, a long period of cheap credit and a stock market crash. There are also disturbing __48__ between recent developments and the events in Japan in the 1990s.
But already there are worrying signs of our being __49__. Investment banks are falling back into old habits, hiring high-fliers on unbelievably high salaries and bonus in the name of ‘We need good people’. Meanwhile, governments are hesitating in their commitment to __50__ the tough financial regulations that they were banging their fists about only months ago. It is as though we can only __51__ for so long. Then we shrug our shoulders and head unwittingly in the direction of the next __52__.
The __53__ is not to express our anger to each other. __54__, we all need to pause—bankers, borrowers, lenders, savers, legislators and regulators—and acknowledge our failure. Then we must have the courage to take the necessary steps, whether political, corporate or __55__, to prevent yet another cycle of boom and bust. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.
A. blame A. gifted A. repay A. regulators A. depended on A. temporary A. discoveries A. barriers A. powerless A. impose A. go ahead A. crisis A. process A. Besides
B. expect B. reluctant B. obtain B. borrowers B. contributed to B. lifelong B. errors B. differences B. forgetful B. cancel B. put off B. boom B. reason B. Meanwhile
C. remain C. prepared C. arrange C. savers C. resulted from C. individual C. reforms C. balances C. regretful C. neglect C. look backwards C. century C. solution C. Otherwise
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D. represent D. humble D. secure D. lawyers D. set up D. collective D. markets D. parallels D. careless D. explain D. make up D. promise D. apology D. Instead
55.
A. professional B. personal C. formal D. educational
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Over six decades the pianist Alfred Brendel gradually built up and maintained a dominant position in the world of classical music. He was an intellectual figure who explored and recorded the main stream European works for the piano. He wrote and played a great deal, but taught very little.
And then, four or five years ago, a young boy Kit Armstrong, appeared backstage at one of Brendel’s concerts and asked for lessons. Initially, Brendel didn’t take the suggestion very seriously. He had had very few pupils and he saw no reason to start now. He quotes from another famous pianist: ‘You don’t employ a mountain guide to teach a child how to walk.’ But there was something that struck him about the young boy—then about 14. He listened to him play. Brendel explained, ‘He played remarkably well and by heart. Then he brought me a CD of a little recital he had given where he played so beautifully that I thought to myself, “I have to make time for him.〞 It was a performance that really led you from the first to last note.’
As Brendel is bowing of the public eye, Kit is making his way into it—restrained by Brendel, ever nervous about the young man burning out early. Kit, now 19, is a restless, impatient presence away from the lessons—always learning new languages; taking himself off to study maths, writing computer code or playing tennis. On top of all this he composes. ‘This was very important,’ Brendel says, ‘If you want to learn to read music properly it is helped by the fact that you try to write something yourself. Then I noticed that Kit had a phenomenal memory and that was a phenomenal sight reader. But more than this is his ability to listen to his own playing, his sensitivity to sound and his ability to listen to me when I try to explain something. He not only usually understands what I mean, but he can do it. And when I tell him one thing in a piece, he will do it everywhere in the piece where it comes in later.’
Brendel catches himself and looks at me severely. ‘Now I don’t want to raise any expectations. I’m very angry if some newspapers try to do this. There was one article which named him as the future great pianist of the 21st century. I mean, really, it’s the worst thing. One doesn’t say that in a newspaper. And it has done a great harm. As usual, with gifted young players, he can play certain things amazingly well, while others need more time and experience. It would be harmful if a critic was there expecting the greatest perfection.
56. What can be leaned about Brendel from the first paragraph? A. He seldom took on pupils.
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B. He owed his success to his intelligence. C. He preferred playing the piano to composing.
D. He became dominant in classical music sixty years ago.
57. Brendel uses the quotation about the mountain guide to illustrate that ____. A. it is not always easy to teach people the basics B. it is unnecessary for an expert to teach people the basics
C. it is not wise to try to teach people new skills before they are ready D. it is impossible for people to learn something new without others’ help 58. Which of Kit’s musical abilities does Brendel admire the most? A. Kit is able to write music himself.
B. Kit is able to understand and respond to advice well. C. Kit is able to remember all the music he has ever played. D. Kit is able to play a piece of music the first time he sees it. 59. Brendel catches himself (in Paragraph 4 )because _____. A. he realizes he has said too much to a journalist B. he doesn’t enjoy giving interviews to journalists C. he hates the way that he has often been misquoted D. he wants to be careful he doesn’t upset any music critics
(B)
Three strikes and you’re out! FAQ
Where does the term ‘three strikes law’ come from?
They named the law after the three strikes rule in baseball where the person batting is allowed two strikes (he can miss two balls), but on the third strike he is out. The three strikes law is based on the same principle—three convictions and you’re taken out of society.
______?
Twenty-six states in the USA have the three strikes law, but each state has its own interpretation of what it means. Some states say the three convictions must all involve violent crimes for the three strikes to apply. However, California is different from most other states—they insist on giving life sentences for any third conviction.
Does the three strikes law work as deterrent?
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Some studies found that nationally there has been very little difference in the number of re-offenders since the laws were first used in the early 90s. Other studies suggest that it does stop criminals from re-offending. The number of murders in Los Angeles, California, fell from 1,000 in 1992 to 297 in 2021. But these figures do not convince everyone of the law’s effectiveness.
60. Which of the following is most likely to be sentenced to life according to the three strikes law? A. One who robbed a pizza shop for the first time. B. One who stole three video tapes from a supermarket.
C. One who committed robbery after a theft and a robbery charge. D. One who took the written test of a driving test for his cousin again. 61. Which of the following questions best fits the blank in the passage? A. Why is this law enforced in the USA? B. Is this law interrupted in the same way? C. What kind of crimes are involved in the law? D. In which state has this law been the least effective? 62. The word “〞 most probably means something ___. A. to prevent people from doing something wrong B. to convince people of the law’s effectiveness C. to encourage people to stop violent crimes D. to make people afraid of being punished
(C)
New technologies are rattling the economy on all fronts. While the predictions are specific and dire, bigger changes are surely coming. Clearly, we need to adjust for the change ahead. But we may be preparing in the wrong way.
Both history and psychology tell us that our capacity to predict the future is limited, while our capacity to believe in such predictions is unlimited. We have always been surprised. Rather than planning for the specific changes we imagine, it is better to prepare for the unimagined—for change itself.
Take education. Were we to plan for specific changes, we would start to teach skills we thought would be rewarded in the future. For example, computer programming might become even more important in high schools than it already is. Maybe that will prove to be wise and we will have a more productive work force.
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But perhaps technology evolves quickly enough that in a few decades we talk to rather than program, computers. In that case, millions of people would have invested in a skill as old-fashioned as penmanship.
Instead, rather than changing what we teach, we could change when we teach.
Currently, all the formal education most people will receive comes early in life. Specific skills may be learned on the job, but the fundamentals are acquired in school when we are young. This order—learn early, benefit for a lifetime—makes sense only in a world where the useful skills stay constant.
But in a rapidly changing world, the fundamentals that were useful decades ago may be useless now; more important, new essential skills may have arisen. Anyone helping a grandparent learn how to use a computer has experiences this problem.
Once we recognize that human capital, like technology, needs refreshing, we have to restructure our institutions so people acquire education later in life. We don’t merely need training programs for particular populations or circumstances, expensive and short executive-education and training people receive routinely at age 13.
The safest prediction is that reality will outstrip our imaginations. So let us craft our education not just for what we expect but for what will surely surprise us.
63. By “our capacity to predict the future is limited, while our capacity to believe in such predictions is unlimited〞(in paragraph 2), the writer implies that _____. A. predictions are coming true thanks to technology B. we need to develop our ability to predict to the full C. it is unwise to put so much of our trust in predictions D. predicting in unlimited ways helps us get used to changes 64.The example of programming is used in the passage to ____. A. show how fast computer science is advancing B. illustrate what is taught now may soon be out of date C. emphasize the importance of productive work force D. argue for the necessity to teach students new technology 65. What suggestion does the writer make about education? A. Fundamentals should be taught as early as possible. B. Students should be taught those constantly useful skills. C. Trainings should be classified according to circumstances. D. Schools should make it possible for us to get educated later.
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66. It can be concluded from the passage that ___.
A. the miraculous reality is what we need to draw inspiration from B. technological advances have expanded our scope of imagination C. the best way to prepare for the future may be to prepare for change D. education is inevitably surprising us for what it does to human capital
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. He is trying aNYthing to more project—music, books, even a documentary film. B. How do I turn my lifestyle into a business? C. A-Ron finds it hard to follow what young people are crazy about. D. While still working a retail job; A-Ron was also making a business out of being a cool guy. E. Why is it necessary to brand myself? F. A-Ron’s preferred form of expression, however, is none of those things. My Brand Is Me
Araron Bondaroff is 29. A-Ron, as he is also known, has a very high opinion of his own importance in the youth culture of Lower Manhattan in New York. As far as he is concerned, you can presume that every cool person south of Delancey Street will like what he likes. No need to ask them what they want. Ask him. A-Ron has been asking himself a question lately:〞_____67_______〞
Bondaroff dropped out of high school at age 15. He got a job in Lower Manhattan at a store selling items with the “Supreme〞 name on them. Theoretically a skateboard, Supreme was really a brand about attitude. In his store, clerks would insult you to your face if you weren’t cool enough. A-Ron was not only cool enough, he was photographed for Supreme ads and became its “unofficial face.〞
______68_______ A group in Australia paid for him to come there to discuss new trends. His elaborate birthday party was sponsored by Nike. He was figuring out that he had the option of becoming a “culture expert.〞 He concluded that there was no reason to rent his coolness to other companies. If they could earn money from his great taste, he figured, he could earn even more. Young people have always found fresh ways to rebel, express individuality, or form subculture communities: new art, new music, new literature, new films, new forms of leisure, or even whole new media forms. ______69______ He calls it “aNYthing〞, making it sound like some very hip independent film company or a punk band. In fact, a NYthing is just a brand.
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A-Ron puts the label on T-shirts, hats, and other items, which he sells in his own store, among other places.
A-Ron has branded himself, but it is not a brand with a large range. How does your brand get bigger when it is, essentially, just you? _____70______ His blog announces the latest parties and offers pictures of the cool people dropping by his store. He has been thinking about whether he can open a store in Japan. He seems to think he can be to the world what he believes he is to Lower Manhattan.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it it illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Public opinion counts…
Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England with a population of about 1,600. Typical, that is , apart from the fact that there are no plastic carrier bags in the town. None, Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker. Filming a documentary in the Pacific Ocean, Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii. Among other things, she saw seabirds fatally trapped in plastic bags that don’t biodegrade. When Rebecca returned to her home town, she discussed this problem with people, including the shopkeepers, and everyone supported her suggestion to make the town plastic bag free.
But for Rebecca’s concept, Modbury would still be an unremarkable little place. Now, however, shoppers take re-useable cotton bags shopping with them, or they buy biodegradable cornstarch ones in the shops. The shopkeepers now wrap their goods in paper. To prove that he townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organized a mass beach clean-up last year. Dozens of volunteers came to the beach on the appointed day to clean it up, taking the rubbish that visitors throw away and recycling it. And the greatest part of that rubbish was… no, not plastic bags, but plastic bottles.
Becoming the first town in Europe to ban plastic bags, Modbury is now harvesting the rewards of fame—reporters and camera crews from newspapers and TV channels across the world are coming to the mild town to find out its secret. And, country to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way. As one resident put it:〞 We’re ordinary people, but we want to make just a little difference.〞
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V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．会有人反对吃水果蔬菜吗？〔argue〕
73. 说谢谢时，请务必真心诚意。〔mean〕
74. 这家店通过它卖的的东西诠释了“创新〞这个概念。〔what〕
75. 在一些公司，会议占据了许多职工需要处理根本工作的时间，但他们却不知道如何拒绝会议要求。〔which〕
VI. Guided writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学学生王磊，近期参加了一项名为“无 日〞的活动。活动结束后，你决定写一篇日记记录这项活动，内容包括： 1. 这一天你是怎么度过的； 2． 你对这一天的体会。
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答案
happens, yourself, to be rescued, until, making, fallen, which, against, before, whether JEAKB CFDIH
41-55 ACACB DBDBA CACDB
56-59: ABBA 60-62: CBA 63-66: CBDC 67-70： B D F A
Summary：〔根据学生答案修改，仅供参考〕
Modbury is a little ordinary town in England but with no plastic bag. After she saw the effects on wildlife , Rebecca Hosking raised her suggestion of banning plastic bags and got supported by everyone. They use re-useable or biodegradable bags and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town.〔60字〕 Translation：
72. Does anybody argue against eating fruits and vegetables. 73.When you say thank you, do mean it.
74. The shop interprets the concept of innovation with what it sells.
75. In some companies, meetings occupy the time which employees need to deal with their daily routines, but they don’t know how to say no to meeting requests.
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